Bordered by Mexico to the north and west, by Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, by Honduras to the east, and El Salvador to the southeast, Guatemala is a constitutional democratic republic with a multi-party system whereby the President is the head of state and the government.
The largest economy in Central America, Guatemala has an estimated population of 17.6 million and is a leading exporter of coffee, cardamon, fruits, vegetables, flowers, handicrafts, and raw materials—like sugar cane and palm oil— for biofuel production.
Mostly a mountainous land but with small patches of desert and sand dunes, Guatemala also features sizable lowlands in the north and along the south coast. Its unique ecosystems are home to 1,246 different species, many of which are endemic.
Culturally and archaeologically, Guatemala is also of great importance. The renowned Tikal National Park became the first mixed UNESCO World Heritage Site. Guatemala’s territory once hosted the core of the Maya civilization, conquered in the 1600s by the Spanish, who built the small mountain city of Antigua, Guatemala’s original capital. Visitors can still walk the old cobblestone streets and see much of the original architecture of Antigua.